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Data from the 2021 SHEF Report may be freely used with appropriate attribution and citation:

State Higher Education Executive Officers Association. (2022). State Higher Education Finance: FY 2021.

The SHEF Data Definitions (.pdf) includes a list of all data elements, availability, and definitions. Please contact us for access to additional data elements not posted online.

 

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2021 Report Data
All unadjusted SHEF metrics, 1980-2021
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2021 Sector Data
All sector-level SHEF metrics, 2019-2021
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Homepage Sequence
Data used to create the introductory sequence on the SHEF homepage
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State Effort and Capacity
Data on state revenue, taxes, and effort to fund higher education, 1980-2020
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Data Adjustments
Adjustments for inflation and state comparisons
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Table 1.1
Sources of State and Local Higher Education Funding in the U.S., FY 2006-2021 (Unadjusted Dollars, In Millions)
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Figure 1.1
Distribution of State and Local Higher Education Funding Sources by Fiscal Year
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Figure 1.2
Percentage of State and Local Higher Education Funding from Source by State
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Table 1.2
Sources of State and Local Higher Education Funding by State, FY 2021 (Unadjusted Dollars)
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Table 1.3
Uses of State and Local Higher Education Funding in the U.S., FY 2006-2021 (Unadjusted Dollars, In Millions)
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Figure 1.3
Distribution of State and Local Higher Education Funding Uses by Fiscal Year
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Figure 1.4
Percentage of State and Local Higher Education Funding by Use and State
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Table 1.4
Uses of State and Local Higher Education Funding by State, FY 2021 (Unadjusted Dollars)
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Table 2.1
Impact of Inflation and Enrollment on SHEF Metrics, U.S., FY 1980-2021
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Table 2.1A
Impact of Inflation and Enrollment on SHEF Metrics by Sector, U.S., FY 2019-2021
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Figure 2.1
Public FTE Enrollment, Education Appropriations Per FTE, and Net Tuition Revenue per FTE by Fiscal Year
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Figure 2.2
Cumulative Annual Percent Change in Public Education Appropriations Per FTE Following Economic Recessions
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Figure 2.3
Education Appropriations and Net Tuition Revenue Per FTE by State
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Table 2.2
Public FTE Enrollment, Education Appropriations Per FTE, and Net Tuition Revenue Per FTE by State, FY 2021 (Adjusted)
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Figure 2.4
Public Education Appropriations and Net Tuition Revenue Per FTE by Sector and State
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Figure 2.5
Public Higher Education State Financial Aid Per FTE and as a Percent of Education Appropriations by Fiscal Year
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Figure 2.6
Net Tuition as a Percent of Total Education Revenue by Fiscal Year
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Figure 1.1

Distribution of State and Local Higher Education Funding Sources, U.S., FY 2006-2021

Notes:
  1. In some cases, percentages may add up to more than 100 due to funds not available for use. Funds not available for use are appropriations that were returned to the state and portions of multiyear appropriations to be spread over other years.
  2. Tax appropriations are any appropriations from state government taxes to institutions for operations and other higher education activities.
  3. Federal stimulus funding is provided to state governments to stabilize state and local sources of revenue for higher education. It includes funds from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) during the Great Recession, the 2020 Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act, the 2020 Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations (CRRSA) Act, and the 2021 American Rescue Plan (ARP) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Federal stimulus must be state allocated and excludes aid provided directly to institutions (such as HEERF).
  4. Local appropriations are the sum of tax appropriations from any government entity below the state level to public institutions for operating expenses. Local appropriations do not include grants from local nonprofit organizations such as chambers of commerce and charitable foundations.
  5. Non-tax support includes any appropriated non-tax state support set aside by the state for higher education. This may include, but is not limited to, allocations from lotteries (including lottery scholarships), tobacco settlements, casinos, or other gaming sources.
  6. In all years, state-funded endowment earnings and other sources accounted for less than 1% of total state and local funding for higher education. Other sources include non-appropriated funds, multiyear appropriations from previous years, and funds not classified in one of the other source categories.
Source(s):
  • State Higher Education Executive Officers Association
Figure 1.2

Percentage of State and Local Higher Education Funding from , FY 2021

Notes:
  1. Excludes states with no funding from the selected source.
  2. Total state and local support is the sum of federal stimulus funds, state and local tax appropriations, non-tax support, non-appropriated support, state-funded endowment earnings, and other state funds, net of any funds not available for use.
  3. Constant 2021 dollars adjusted by the Higher Education Cost Adjustment (HECA).
  4. Constant dollars adjusted by the Consumer Price Index (CPI).
  5. Tax appropriations are any appropriations from state government taxes to institutions for operations and other higher education activities.
  6. Local appropriations are the sum of tax appropriations from any government entity below the state level to public institutions for operating expenses. Local appropriations do not include grants from local nonprofit organizations such as chambers of commerce and charitable foundations.
  7. Non-tax support includes any appropriated non-tax state support set aside by the state for higher education. This may include, but is not limited to, allocations from lotteries (including lottery scholarships), tobacco settlements, casinos, or other gaming sources.
  8. Sector is determined at the institution level using the Carnegie Basic Classification (https://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/). Baccalaureate/Associate's Colleges and "less-than-two-year" degree-granting institutions not assigned a Carnegie classification are considered two-year institutions.
Source(s):
  • State Higher Education Executive Officers Association

The Higher Education Cost Adjustment (HECA) estimates inflation in the costs paid by colleges and universities. HECA adjusts for inflation from the state perspective.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a measure of change over time in the prices consumers pay for a variety of goods and services in the U.S. CPI adjusts for inflation from the consumer (student) perspective.

Figure 1.3

Distribution of State and Local Higher Education Funding Uses U.S., FY 2006-2021

Notes:
  1. Other uses include funding for non-credit and independent operating.
  2. General public operations are any state and local support for public higher education institutions and agencies, excluding RAM, financial aid, and non-credit and continuing education. Federal stimulus funding is not included.
  3. RAM refers to the total appropriations intended for the direct operations of research, agriculture, public health care services, and medical schools.
  4. Other financial aid includes any state appropriated student financial aid to students attending independent (private) or out-of-state institutions.
  5. State public financial aid is any state appropriated student financial aid for public institutions, excluding loans and aid for students attending medical schools. For many states, includes aid both for tuition costs and living expenses.
Source(s):
  • State Higher Education Executive Officers Association
Figure 1.4

Percentage of State and Local Higher Education Funding Used for , FY 2021

Notes:
  1. Excludes states with funding allocated toward the selected use.
  2. Total state and local support is the sum of tax appropriations, non-tax support, local appropriations, non-appropriated support, state-funded endowment earnings, and other state funds, net of any funds not available for use. Federal stimulus funding is not included.
  3. Constant 2021 dollars adjusted by the Higher Education Cost Adjustment (HECA).
  4. Constant dollars adjusted by the Consumer Price Index (CPI).
  5. General public operations are any state and local support for public higher education institutions and agencies, excluding RAM, financial aid, and non-credit and continuing education. Federal stimulus funding is not included.
  6. Total student financial aid is the sum of any state appropriated student financial aid for public, independent, and out-of-state institutions, excluding loans.
  7. Sector is determined at the institution level using the Carnegie Basic Classification (https://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/). Baccalaureate/Associate's Colleges and "less-than-two-year" degree-granting institutions not assigned a Carnegie classification are considered two-year institutions.
  8. RAM refers to the total appropriations intended for the direct operations of research, agriculture, public health care services, and medical schools.
Source(s):
  • State Higher Education Executive Officers Association

The Higher Education Cost Adjustment (HECA) estimates inflation in the costs paid by colleges and universities. HECA adjusts for inflation from the state perspective.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a measure of change over time in the prices consumers pay for a variety of goods and services in the U.S. CPI adjusts for inflation from the consumer (student) perspective.

Figure 2.1

Public FTE Enrollment, Education Appropriations per FTE, and Net Tuition Revenue per FTE, U.S., FY 1996-2021

Notes:
  1. Education appropriations are a measure of state and local support available for public higher education operating expenses and student financial aid, excluding appropriations for research, hospitals, and medical education. Education appropriations include federal stimulus funding.
  2. Net tuition revenue is calculated by taking the gross amount of tuition and fees, less state and institutional financial aid, tuition waivers or discounts, and medical student tuition and fees.
  3. Full-time equivalent enrollment converts student credit hours to full-time, academic year students, but excludes medical students.
  4. Constant 2021 dollars adjusted by the Higher Education Cost Adjustment (HECA).
  5. Constant dollars adjusted by the Consumer Price Index (CPI).
  6. Adjusted to account for interstate differences using the Enrollment Mix Index (EMI).
  7. Adjusted to account for interstate differences using the Cost of Living Index (COLI). The COLI is not a measure of inflation over time.
Source(s):
  • State Higher Education Executive Officers Association

The Enrollment Mix Index (EMI) adjusts for differences in the distribution of enrollment by sector in each state compared to the national enrollment distribution. EMI is not used on sector-level data.

The Cost of Living Index (COLI) is calculated based on the weighted average of county-level data collected by the Council for Community and Economic Research.

The Higher Education Cost Adjustment (HECA) estimates inflation in the costs paid by colleges and universities. HECA adjusts for inflation from the state perspective.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a measure of change over time in the prices consumers pay for a variety of goods and services in the U.S. CPI adjusts for inflation from the consumer (student) perspective.

Figure 2.2

Cumulative Annual Percent Change in Public Education Appropriations per FTE Following Economic Recessions, U.S., FY 1980-2021

Notes:
  1. Cumulative annual percent change calculated since the start of each recession (1980, 1990, 2001, 2008, and 2020).
  2. Education appropriations are a measure of state and local support available for public higher education operating expenses and student financial aid, excluding appropriations for research, hospitals, and medical education. Education appropriations include federal stimulus funding.
  3. Full-time equivalent enrollment converts student credit hours to full-time, academic year students, but excludes medical students.
  4. Constant 2021 dollars adjusted by the Higher Education Cost Adjustment (HECA).
  5. Constant dollars adjusted by the Consumer Price Index (CPI).
Source(s):
  • State Higher Education Executive Officers Association
Figure 2.3

Education Appropriations and Net Tuition Revenue per FTE by State, FY 2021

Notes:
  1. Education appropriations are a measure of state and local support available for public higher education operating expenses and student financial aid, excluding appropriations for research, hospitals, and medical education. Education appropriations include federal stimulus funding.
  2. Net tuition revenue is calculated by taking the gross amount of tuition and fees, less state and institutional financial aid, tuition waivers or discounts, and medical student tuition and fees.
  3. The U.S. calculation does not include the District of Columbia.
  4. Constant 2021 dollars adjusted by the Higher Education Cost Adjustment (HECA).
  5. Constant dollars adjusted by the Consumer Price Index (CPI).
  6. Adjusted to account for interstate differences using the Enrollment Mix Index (EMI).
  7. Adjusted to account for interstate differences using the Cost of Living Index (COLI). The COLI is not a measure of inflation over time.
Source(s):
  • State Higher Education Executive Officers Association

The Enrollment Mix Index (EMI) adjusts for differences in the distribution of enrollment by sector in each state compared to the national enrollment distribution. EMI is not used on sector-level data.

The Cost of Living Index (COLI) is calculated based on the weighted average of county-level data collected by the Council for Community and Economic Research.

The Higher Education Cost Adjustment (HECA) estimates inflation in the costs paid by colleges and universities. HECA adjusts for inflation from the state perspective.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a measure of change over time in the prices consumers pay for a variety of goods and services in the U.S. CPI adjusts for inflation from the consumer (student) perspective.

Figure 2.4

Public Education Appropriations and Net Tuition Revenue per FTE by Sector, U.S., FY 2019-2021

Notes:
  1. Education appropriations are a measure of state and local support available for public higher education operating expenses and student financial aid, excluding appropriations for research, hospitals, and medical education. Sector-level education appropriations include any portion of federal stimulus funding allocated specifically to each sector, but exclude state agency funding.
  2. Net tuition revenue is calculated by taking the gross amount of tuition and fees, less state and institutional financial aid, tuition waivers or discounts, and medical student tuition and fees.
  3. Full-time equivalent enrollment converts student credit hours to full-time, academic year students, but excludes medical students.
  4. Constant 2021 dollars adjusted by the Higher Education Cost Adjustment (HECA).
  5. Adjusted to account for interstate differences using the Cost of Living Index (COLI). The COLI is not a measure of inflation over time.
Source(s):
  • State Higher Education Executive Officers Association

COLI is calculated based on the weighted average of county-level data collected by the Council for Community and Economic Research.

HECA estimates inflation in the costs paid by colleges and universities. HECA adjusts for inflation from the state perspective.

Figure 2.5

Public Higher Education State Financial Aid per FTE and as a Percent of Education Appropriations, U.S., FY 2001-2021

Notes:
  1. State public financial aid is any state appropriated student financial aid for public institutions, excluding loans and aid for students attending medical schools. For many states, includes aid both for tuition costs and living expenses.
  2. Financial aid data are not available prior to 2001. Over time, states have shifted from reporting appropriated student financial aid to reporting actual/awarded student financial aid (see measurement note). Any such updates are made to all historical data for each state.
  3. Education appropriations are a measure of state and local support available for public higher education operating expenses and student financial aid, excluding appropriations for research, hospitals, and medical education. Education appropriations include federal stimulus funding.
  4. Constant 2021 dollars adjusted by the Higher Education Cost Adjustment (HECA).
  5. Constant dollars adjusted by the Consumer Price Index (CPI).
  6. Adjusted to account for interstate differences using the Enrollment Mix Index (EMI).
  7. Adjusted to account for interstate differences using the Cost of Living Index (COLI). The COLI is not a measure of inflation over time.
Source(s):
  • State Higher Education Executive Officers Association

The Enrollment Mix Index (EMI) adjusts for differences in the distribution of enrollment by sector in each state compared to the national enrollment distribution. EMI is not used on sector-level data.

The Cost of Living Index (COLI) is calculated based on the weighted average of county-level data collected by the Council for Community and Economic Research.

The Higher Education Cost Adjustment (HECA) estimates inflation in the costs paid by colleges and universities. HECA adjusts for inflation from the state perspective.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a measure of change over time in the prices consumers pay for a variety of goods and services in the U.S. CPI adjusts for inflation from the consumer (student) perspective.

Figure 2.6

Net Tuition as a Percent of Total Education Revenue, U.S., FY 1980-2021

Notes:
  1. The student share is a measure of the proportion of total education revenue at public institutions coming from net tuition revenue. Net tuition revenue used for capital debt service is included in net tuition revenue, but excluded from total education revenue in calculating the above figures. Total education revenue includes federal stimulus funding.
  2. Regional averages are based on the U.S. Census designation.
Source(s):
  • State Higher Education Executive Officers Association