The Capital Appropriations for Higher Education dataset is produced annually by the State Higher Education Executive Officers Association (SHEEO) to broaden understanding of state variation in the allocation, sources, and uses of capital appropriations. Since 2020, capital appropriations data are collected as part of the State Higher Education Finance (SHEF) project and will be published annually.
Capital appropriations are an important but often forgotten component of the public contribution to funding higher education. These appropriations, which are allocated separately from general operating appropriations to institutions, are used for a wide range of purposes, including the construction of new buildings, major renovations of existing facilities, the purchase of new equipment, and information technology.
SHEEO collects total public capital appropriations and details on the sources and uses of capital appropriations. Sources are broken out into debt-financed and cash-financed capital appropriations to public institutions. Uses include capital appropriations for new construction, renovations and improvement to existing facilities, equipment, and other capital projects. Sources and uses of capital appropriations are optional for states to report. As a result, some states only report total public capital appropriations.
The data summarized in these tables are presented in fiscal years. For example, fiscal year 2023 ran from July 1, 2022, to June 30, 2023 for most states. The corresponding academic year for fiscal year 2023 began in the fall of 2022.
For state-level data on total capital appropriations for all states, see Total Public Capital Appropriations. For additional details for a select group of states, see Sources and Uses of capital appropriations.
Data Downloads
Download the complete dataset for all available years of data on capital appropriations to public institutions. Please update any previously saved capital appropriations data using this file, as prior years include revisions that are not captured in previously released capital appropriations tables. For most states, these data elements are not available prior to 2020. Please contact Kelsey Kunkle at kkunkle@sheeo.org with questions about the data.
- 2020-2023 Capital Appropriations Data – Complete Download (.xlsx) Last updated June 2024
Capital Appropriations Report
Given the amount of capital appropriations relative to the total state contribution to higher education, it is not surprising that capital funding and its allocation processes are frequent topics of discussion in the field and among the SHEEO membership. However, when compared to general operating support and state financial aid programs, there is very little information on public capital appropriations. For over two decades, there have been calls from the field for comparable, longitudinal data on capital appropriations. In an effort to fulfill this data need, SHEEO has started collecting information on total capital appropriations as part of the annual State Higher Education Finance (SHEF) data collection. This issue brief highlights the mandatory and optional data elements that SHEEO is now collecting annually and provides an initial snapshot of the first two years of data.
- State Capital Appropriations for Public Higher Education, Fiscal Years 2020 and 2021 (.pdf) Published August 2022
Total public capital appropriations refers to the total amount of state support allocated for higher education capital projects at public institutions. Table 1 provides the unadjusted state-level total public appropriations data. See the footnotes at the bottom of the table for more detailed information.
Total Public Capital Appropriations by State, FY 2020-2023 (Unadjusted Dollars)
| 2020 | 2022 | 2023 | % Change Since 2022 | % Change Since 2020 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | $0 | $0 | $875,159,169 | N/A | N/A |
| Alaska | $5,000,000 | $9,700,000 | $23,518,400 | 142.5% | 370.4% |
| Arizona | $61,145,900 | $61,112,600 | $61,955,600 | 1.4% | 1.3% |
| Arkansas | $8,759,696 | $13,317,666 | $2,482,000 | -81.4% | -71.7% |
| California | $2,139,398,000 | $2,555,432,000 | $1,448,736,500 | -43.3% | -32.3% |
| Colorado | $134,250,156 | $22,935,386 | $169,931,917 | 640.9% | 26.6% |
| Connecticut | $281,589,766 | $318,590,831 | $303,300,290 | -4.8% | 7.7% |
| Delaware | $0 | $0 | $0 | N/A | N/A |
| Florida | $162,524,721 | $109,882,707 | $230,927,500 | 110.2% | 42.1% |
| Georgia | $367,255,000 | $417,305,000 | $298,565,000 | -28.5% | -18.7% |
| Hawaii | $236,521,000 | $202,850,000 | $160,400,000 | -20.9% | -32.2% |
| Idaho | $22,619,357 | $9,498,927 | $16,876,982 | 77.7% | -25.4% |
| Illinois | $2,851,644,532 | $2,666,373,814 | $2,540,637,654 | -4.7% | -10.9% |
| Indiana | $188,775,191 | $166,485,429 | $790,026,266 | 374.5% | 318.5% |
| Iowa | $19,500,000 | $36,875,000 | $57,100,000 | 54.8% | 192.8% |
| Kansas | $45,865,250 | $45,862,750 | $77,862,750 | 69.8% | 69.8% |
| Kentucky | $20,000,000 | $5,000,000 | $416,900,000 | 8238.0% | 1984.5% |
| Louisiana | $85,879,590 | $280,807,347 | $322,365,487 | 14.8% | 275.4% |
| Maine | $8,267,950 | $8,267,950 | $15,767,950 | 90.7% | 90.7% |
| Maryland | $308,317,000 | $731,133,000 | $469,313,000 | -35.8% | 52.2% |
| Massachusetts | $144,829,680 | $150,680,799 | $153,694,415 | 2.0% | 6.1% |
| Michigan | $0 | $0 | $74,800,000 | N/A | N/A |
| Minnesota | $83,134,500 | $0 | $0 | N/A | -100.0% |
| Mississippi | $0 | $0 | $93,070,000 | N/A | N/A |
| Missouri | $5,900,000 | $104,698,802 | $69,745,484 | -33.4% | 1082.1% |
| Montana | $17,900,000 | $48,075,706 | $48,075,706 | 0.0% | 168.6% |
| Nebraska | $21,739,000 | $22,905,176 | $23,061,610 | 0.7% | 6.1% |
| Nevada | $60,714,766 | $59,081,436 | $70,382,593 | 19.1% | 15.9% |
| New Hampshire | $12,145,816 | $21,027,059 | $8,926,933 | -57.5% | -26.5% |
| New Jersey | $25,900,000 | $0 | $0 | N/A | -100.0% |
| New Mexico | $25,814,350 | $250,511,650 | $179,821,601 | -28.2% | 596.6% |
| New York | $1,076,598,000 | $1,291,304,000 | $2,382,747,000 | 84.5% | 121.3% |
| North Carolina | $104,057,580 | $569,129,266 | $600,821,455 | 5.6% | 477.4% |
| North Dakota | $100,000,000 | $70,600,000 | $0 | -100.0% | -100.0% |
| Ohio | $241,691,250 | $243,360,487 | $230,184,713 | -5.4% | -4.8% |
| Oklahoma | $0 | $0 | $0 | N/A | N/A |
| Oregon | $134,516,188 | $228,150,648 | $228,150,648 | 0.0% | 69.6% |
| Pennsylvania | $5,033,299,000 | $3,548,628,000 | $54,161,000 | -98.5% | -98.9% |
| Rhode Island | $58,519,458 | $38,661,363 | $68,218,400 | 76.5% | 16.6% |
| South Carolina | $119,240,256 | $512,727,133 | $667,683,732 | 30.2% | 459.9% |
| South Dakota | $6,000,000 | $33,303,182 | $29,131,446 | -12.5% | 385.5% |
| Tennessee | $213,511,300 | $524,388,100 | $1,441,391,800 | 174.9% | 575.1% |
| Texas | $844,992,652 | $840,292,512 | $806,274,272 | -4.0% | -4.6% |
| Utah | $231,115,000 | $521,994,714 | $675,374,356 | 29.4% | 192.2% |
| Vermont | $3,100,000 | $3,500,000 | $5,200,000 | 48.6% | 67.7% |
| Virginia | $742,118,759 | $147,983,096 | $1,472,954,080 | 895.4% | 98.5% |
| Washington | $468,836,000 | $615,272,000 | $615,272,000 | 0.0% | 31.2% |
| West Virginia | $20,000,000 | $20,000,000 | $20,000,000 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Wisconsin | $192,188,041 | $191,287,604 | $208,071,848 | 8.8% | 8.3% |
| Wyoming | $0 | $45,581,820 | $46,505,129 | 2.0% | N/A |
| D.C. | $0 | $0 | $0 | N/A | N/A |
| U.S. | $16,935,174,705 | $17,764,574,960 | $18,555,546,686 | 4.5% | 9.6% |
- Public capital appropriations are state support allocated for higher education capital projects. Capital projects often include new construction, significant renovations and improvements of existing buildings, major maintenance, land purchases, acquisitions of existing structures, equipment, and information technology systems. State funding for operations and routine maintenance that does not meet the definition of a capital project, tuition revenue bonds, and other sources of institutional revenue that do not originate from the state are excluded. Federal stimulus funding used for public capital projects is not included.
- The U.S. calculation does not include the District of Columbia.
- Total public capital appropriations are a recently required component of the SHEF data collection and are not currently available for years prior to 2020.
- States with biennial budgets split their public capital appropriations, reporting half in each fiscal year of the budget cycle.
- Illinois capital appropriations contain multiyear appropriations and are not guaranteed to be released the same year they are appropriated. Many appropriations are reappropriations of unreleased funds from prior fiscal years.
- State Higher Education Executive Officers Association
Table 2 provides the unadjusted state-level total contribution to higher education, including public capital appropriations. Public capital appropriations are not included in state support. This tables shows the sum of total public capital appropriations and total state support. See the footnotes at the bottom of the table for more detailed information.
Total State Contribution to Higher Education by State, FY 2020-2023 (Unadjusted Dollars)
| 2020 | 2022 | 2023 | % Change Since 2022 | % Change Since 2020 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | $1,854,684,792 | $1,988,189,302 | $3,926,333,441 | 97.5% | 111.7% |
| Alaska | $333,757,268 | $310,179,932 | $343,304,330 | 10.7% | 2.9% |
| Arizona | $1,101,286,100 | $1,222,631,700 | $1,459,655,700 | 19.4% | 32.5% |
| Arkansas | $1,029,650,926 | $1,098,200,867 | $1,083,358,566 | -1.4% | 5.2% |
| California | $17,891,526,581 | $21,973,823,454 | $21,920,999,922 | -0.2% | 22.5% |
| Colorado | $1,246,176,503 | $1,549,055,996 | $1,484,668,560 | -4.2% | 19.1% |
| Connecticut | $1,548,594,664 | $2,002,193,089 | $2,239,607,585 | 11.9% | 44.6% |
| Delaware | $274,382,482 | $303,191,558 | $275,699,544 | -9.1% | 0.5% |
| Florida | $5,666,313,540 | $6,059,385,921 | $6,953,114,593 | 14.7% | 22.7% |
| Georgia | $4,214,283,885 | $5,205,108,437 | $5,247,572,413 | 0.8% | 24.5% |
| Hawaii | $1,008,415,671 | $1,001,703,470 | $1,062,371,588 | 6.1% | 5.4% |
| Idaho | $550,806,513 | $567,488,429 | $676,677,413 | 19.2% | 22.9% |
| Illinois | $7,416,372,371 | $8,035,448,996 | $7,931,325,244 | -1.3% | 6.9% |
| Indiana | $2,038,702,143 | $2,085,164,322 | $2,706,020,590 | 29.8% | 32.7% |
| Iowa | $871,304,674 | $907,985,787 | $942,696,303 | 3.8% | 8.2% |
| Kansas | $899,719,517 | $960,426,574 | $1,320,196,328 | 37.5% | 46.7% |
| Kentucky | $1,198,218,600 | $1,276,869,933 | $1,900,946,289 | 48.9% | 58.6% |
| Louisiana | $1,315,327,014 | $1,656,882,549 | $1,801,365,232 | 8.7% | 37.0% |
| Maine | $327,593,813 | $351,050,930 | $406,192,126 | 15.7% | 24.0% |
| Maryland | $2,538,705,717 | $3,099,521,554 | $3,420,722,255 | 10.4% | 34.7% |
| Massachusetts | $1,885,801,003 | $2,047,949,207 | $2,340,335,472 | 14.3% | 24.1% |
| Michigan | $1,972,087,600 | $2,490,641,800 | $2,567,667,300 | 3.1% | 30.2% |
| Minnesota | $1,877,831,684 | $1,784,707,167 | $1,762,275,777 | -1.3% | -6.2% |
| Mississippi | $962,856,242 | $991,568,915 | $1,296,518,687 | 30.8% | 34.7% |
| Missouri | $1,068,155,277 | $1,223,095,635 | $1,319,782,676 | 7.9% | 23.6% |
| Montana | $277,506,602 | $316,857,419 | $333,887,009 | 5.4% | 20.3% |
| Nebraska | $806,543,484 | $899,319,158 | $1,025,648,638 | 14.0% | 27.2% |
| Nevada | $863,180,601 | $832,639,195 | $862,879,307 | 3.6% | 0.0% |
| New Hampshire | $165,550,992 | $177,873,005 | $166,147,681 | -6.6% | 0.4% |
| New Jersey | $2,681,577,711 | $2,637,840,000 | $3,220,851,000 | 22.1% | 20.1% |
| New Mexico | $1,182,645,899 | $1,319,362,331 | $1,673,278,041 | 26.8% | 41.5% |
| New York | $7,216,308,400 | $7,140,677,397 | $8,674,246,786 | 21.5% | 20.2% |
| North Carolina | $4,461,662,488 | $5,468,646,241 | $5,848,321,986 | 6.9% | 31.1% |
| North Dakota | $479,613,257 | $462,468,275 | $391,393,275 | -15.4% | -18.4% |
| Ohio | $2,530,441,181 | $2,691,421,561 | $2,696,788,339 | 0.2% | 6.6% |
| Oklahoma | $939,917,258 | $934,310,766 | $993,743,064 | 6.4% | 5.7% |
| Oregon | $1,108,298,660 | $1,358,332,041 | $1,386,973,188 | 2.1% | 25.1% |
| Pennsylvania | $7,041,384,234 | $5,488,686,924 | $2,295,202,832 | -58.2% | -67.4% |
| Rhode Island | $251,836,189 | $263,858,750 | $299,122,502 | 13.4% | 18.8% |
| South Carolina | $1,376,469,562 | $1,874,207,176 | $2,167,555,603 | 15.7% | 57.5% |
| South Dakota | $279,693,662 | $307,200,496 | $349,086,998 | 13.6% | 24.8% |
| Tennessee | $2,410,644,400 | $2,821,076,970 | $4,245,218,748 | 50.5% | 76.1% |
| Texas | $9,326,426,920 | $10,196,067,572 | $10,343,605,336 | 1.4% | 10.9% |
| Utah | $1,457,577,000 | $1,873,616,015 | $2,208,381,056 | 17.9% | 51.5% |
| Vermont | $116,346,382 | $173,638,133 | $159,479,232 | -8.2% | 37.1% |
| Virginia | $3,266,332,344 | $2,944,893,273 | $4,506,071,968 | 53.0% | 38.0% |
| Washington | $2,694,662,000 | $3,028,715,000 | $3,229,920,320 | 6.6% | 19.9% |
| West Virginia | $552,421,193 | $582,358,058 | $575,216,054 | -1.2% | 4.1% |
| Wisconsin | $1,779,461,544 | $1,953,529,827 | $1,992,504,862 | 2.0% | 12.0% |
| Wyoming | $383,599,482 | $390,834,982 | $421,282,932 | 7.8% | 9.8% |
| D.C. | $116,560,300 | $136,014,142 | $136,580,302 | 0.4% | 17.2% |
| U.S. | $114,742,656,025 | $126,330,896,089 | $136,456,214,691 | 8.0% | 18.9% |
- The total state contribution to higher education is the sum of public capital appropriations and state support, including federal stimulus funds used for public operations, independent (private) operations, student financial aid, and public capital projects.
- Year change columns show percentage point increases or decreases, not percent change.
- The U.S. calculation does not include the District of Columbia.
- Total public capital appropriations are a recently required component of the SHEF data collection and are not currently available for years prior to 2020.
- States with biennial budgets split their public capital appropriations, reporting half in each fiscal year of the budget cycle.
- State Higher Education Executive Officers Association
The tables in this section provide state-level sources of and uses for capital appropriations.
Sources
Allocations of public capital appropriations can be paid for through debt financing instruments or state cash. Sources of capital appropriations are optional for states to report. As a result, some states only report total public capital appropriations. Table 3 provides state-level sources of public capital appropriations. See the footnotes at the bottom of the table for more detailed information.
Sources of Public Capital Appropriations by State, FY 2020-2023 (Unadjusted Dollars)
| Debt-Financed | Cash-Financed | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 2022 | 2023 | 2020 | 2022 | 2023 | |
| Alabama | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $875,159,169 |
| Alaska | $0 | $0 | $0 | $5,000,000 | $9,700,000 | $23,518,400 |
| Arizona | $61,145,900 | $61,112,600 | $61,955,600 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Arkansas | $0 | $0 | $0 | $8,759,696 | $13,317,666 | $2,482,000 |
| California | $1,744,585,000 | $989,964,000 | $507,192,000 | $394,813,000 | $1,565,468,000 | $941,544,500 |
| Delaware | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Georgia | $367,255,000 | $363,895,000 | $221,100,000 | $0 | $53,410,000 | $77,465,000 |
| Hawaii | $236,521,000 | $202,850,000 | $160,400,000 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Indiana | $162,475,191 | $166,485,429 | $160,024,816 | $26,300,000 | $0 | $630,001,450 |
| Iowa | $0 | $0 | $0 | $19,500,000 | $36,875,000 | $57,100,000 |
| Kansas | $1,865,250 | $1,862,750 | $1,862,750 | $44,000,000 | $44,000,000 | $76,000,000 |
| Kentucky | $20,000,000 | $5,000,000 | $413,100,000 | $0 | $0 | $3,800,000 |
| Louisiana | $82,679,380 | $231,434,310 | $202,884,662 | $3,200,210 | $49,373,037 | $119,480,825 |
| Maine | $8,267,950 | $8,267,950 | $15,767,950 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Maryland | $307,308,000 | $212,445,000 | $428,164,000 | $1,009,000 | $518,688,000 | $41,149,000 |
| Massachusetts | $144,829,680 | $150,680,799 | $153,694,415 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Michigan | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $74,800,000 |
| Minnesota | $83,134,500 | $0 | $0 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Montana | $11,125,000 | $21,600,000 | $21,600,000 | $6,775,000 | $26,475,706 | $26,475,706 |
| Nebraska | $0 | $0 | $0 | $21,739,000 | $22,905,176 | $23,061,610 |
| New Mexico | $23,635,000 | $250,511,650 | $33,434,150 | $2,179,350 | $0 | $146,387,451 |
| New York | $1,039,615,000 | $1,254,321,000 | $2,343,915,000 | $36,983,000 | $36,983,000 | $38,832,000 |
| North Carolina | $84,550,866 | $32,779,339 | $6,886,358 | $19,506,714 | $536,349,927 | $593,935,098 |
| North Dakota | $100,000,000 | $50,000,000 | $0 | $0 | $20,600,000 | $0 |
| Ohio | $241,691,250 | $243,360,487 | $230,184,713 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Oklahoma | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Oregon | $134,516,188 | $203,662,975 | $203,662,975 | $0 | $24,487,673 | $24,487,673 |
| Pennsylvania | $5,033,299,000 | $3,548,628,000 | $54,161,000 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Rhode Island | $21,553,092 | $14,610,117 | $23,560,969 | $36,966,366 | $24,051,246 | $44,657,431 |
| South Carolina | $0 | $0 | $0 | $119,240,256 | $512,727,133 | $667,683,732 |
| Tennessee | $0 | $0 | $0 | $213,511,300 | $524,388,100 | $1,441,391,800 |
| Utah | $0 | $0 | $0 | $231,115,000 | $521,994,714 | $675,374,356 |
| Vermont | $1,000,000 | $1,500,000 | $1,500,000 | $2,100,000 | $2,000,000 | $3,700,000 |
| Virginia | $741,788,759 | $49,086,716 | $16,882,776 | $330,000 | $98,896,380 | $1,456,071,304 |
| Washington | $340,546,000 | $487,497,000 | $487,497,000 | $128,290,000 | $127,775,000 | $127,775,000 |
| West Virginia | $0 | $0 | $0 | $20,000,000 | $20,000,000 | $20,000,000 |
| Wyoming | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $45,581,820 | $46,505,129 |
| D.C. | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
- Public capital appropriations are state support allocated for higher education capital projects. Capital projects often include new construction, significant renovations and improvements of existing buildings, major maintenance, land purchases, acquisitions of existing structures, equipment, and information technology systems. State funding for operations and routine maintenance that does not meet the definition of a capital project, tuition revenue bonds, and other sources of institutional revenue that do not originate from the state are excluded. Federal stimulus funding used for public capital projects is not included.
- The uses of public capital appropriations are an optional component of the SHEF data collection. Data are not currently available for all states or for years prior to 2020.
- States with biennial budgets split their public capital appropriations, reporting half in each fiscal year of the budget cycle.
- Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Idaho, Illinois, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, South Dakota, Texas, and Wisconsin reported total public capital appropriations for fiscal years 2020-2023 but did not provide a complete breakout of sources and are excluded from this table.
- State Higher Education Executive Officers Association
Uses
Public capital appropriations can be used to pay for new construction, renovations and improvement to existing facilities, equipment, and other capital projects. Uses of capital appropriations are optional for states to report, so some states only report total public capital appropriations. Table 4A provides the distribution of state-level public capital appropriations used for new construction and renovations and improvements. See the footnotes at the bottom of the table for more detailed information.
Public Capital Appropriations Used for Construction and Renovations by State, FY 2020-2023 (Unadjusted Dollars)
| New Construction | Renovations and Improvements | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 2022 | 2023 | 2020 | 2022 | 2023 | |
| Alabama | $0 | $0 | $178,027,400 | $0 | $0 | $351,614,969 |
| Alaska | $0 | $0 | $500,000 | $5,000,000 | $9,700,000 | $23,018,400 |
| Arizona | $61,145,900 | $61,112,600 | $61,955,600 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Arkansas | $5,149,377 | $3,000,000 | $2,482,000 | $3,610,319 | $10,317,666 | $0 |
| California | $783,979,000 | $782,683,000 | $592,146,000 | $510,391,000 | $242,408,000 | $128,147,000 |
| Delaware | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Florida | $131,567,350 | $82,071,828 | $208,076,156 | $30,957,371 | $27,810,879 | $22,851,344 |
| Georgia | $247,405,000 | $206,745,000 | $190,095,000 | $90,800,000 | $130,280,000 | $67,500,000 |
| Hawaii | $7,250,000 | $80,500,000 | $4,000,000 | $208,821,000 | $122,350,000 | $156,400,000 |
| Indiana | $0 | $0 | $197,900,000 | $26,300,000 | $0 | $432,101,450 |
| Iowa | $19,500,000 | $36,875,000 | $57,100,000 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Kansas | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Kentucky | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $5,000,000 | $375,900,000 |
| Louisiana | $21,077,390 | $161,950,660 | $130,926,228 | $51,982,400 | $96,497,767 | $147,951,427 |
| Maine | $5,000,000 | $5,000,000 | $5,000,000 | $767,950 | $767,950 | $767,950 |
| Maryland | $211,874,000 | $270,522,000 | $262,531,000 | $27,708,000 | $128,494,000 | $123,427,000 |
| Massachusetts | $50,406,390 | $52,442,808 | $53,491,664 | $92,757,878 | $96,505,296 | $98,435,402 |
| Michigan | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $74,800,000 |
| Minnesota | $8,121,500 | $0 | $0 | $74,200,500 | $0 | $0 |
| Montana | $15,625,000 | $33,783,000 | $33,783,000 | $2,275,000 | $13,698,660 | $13,698,660 |
| Nebraska | $7,919,861 | $2,297,000 | $1,791,024 | $13,819,139 | $20,608,176 | $21,270,586 |
| New Mexico | $5,000,000 | $170,275,000 | $33,000,000 | $18,522,350 | $72,285,950 | $133,938,101 |
| New York | $0 | $210,000,000 | $1,075,000,000 | $1,039,615,000 | $1,044,321,000 | $1,268,915,000 |
| North Carolina | $50,303,843 | $233,016,232 | $239,485,676 | $53,753,737 | $126,113,034 | $92,585,780 |
| North Dakota | $56,000,000 | $50,000,000 | $0 | $44,000,000 | $20,600,000 | $0 |
| Ohio | $3,500,000 | $27,334,923 | $4,900,000 | $196,723,500 | $171,247,898 | $197,775,000 |
| Oklahoma | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Oregon | $47,199,511 | $30,336,548 | $30,336,548 | $87,316,678 | $184,488,996 | $184,488,996 |
| Pennsylvania | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Rhode Island | $0 | $6,332,138 | $10,271,882 | $7,443,013 | $19,287,021 | $25,907,479 |
| South Carolina | $33,500,000 | $107,500,000 | $133,875,000 | $71,990,256 | $387,227,133 | $512,981,207 |
| Tennessee | $133,766,300 | $292,347,100 | $783,888,400 | $5,760,000 | $69,090,000 | $278,826,400 |
| Utah | $155,050,000 | $408,514,700 | $545,273,900 | $76,065,000 | $113,480,014 | $130,100,456 |
| Vermont | $0 | $0 | $0 | $2,100,000 | $2,000,000 | $3,700,000 |
| Virginia | $468,355,940 | $0 | N/A | $273,762,819 | $141,196,846 | $814,762,161 |
| Washington | $160,064,000 | $296,075,000 | $296,075,000 | $301,272,000 | $316,697,000 | $316,697,000 |
| West Virginia | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Wyoming | $0 | $31,992,702 | $7,398,930 | $0 | $13,589,118 | $14,466,469 |
| D.C. | N/A | $0 | $0 | N/A | $0 | $0 |
- Public capital appropriations are state support allocated for higher education capital projects. Capital projects often include new construction, significant renovations and improvements of existing buildings, major maintenance, land purchases, acquisitions of existing structures, equipment, and information technology systems. State funding for operations and routine maintenance that does not meet the definition of a capital project, tuition revenue bonds, and other sources of institutional revenue that do not originate from the state are excluded. Federal stimulus funding used for public capital projects is not included.
- The uses of public capital appropriations are an optional component of the SHEF data collection. Data are not currently available for all states or for years prior to 2020.
- States with biennial budgets split their public capital appropriations, reporting half in each fiscal year of the budget cycle.
- Colorado, Connecticut, Idaho, Illinois, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, South Dakota, Texas, and Wisconsin reported total public capital appropriations for fiscal years 2020-2023 but did not provide a complete breakout of uses for fiscal years 2020-2023 and are excluded from this table.
- State Higher Education Executive Officers Association
Table 4B provides the distribution of state-level public capital appropriations used for equipment and other capital projects. See the footnotes at the bottom of the table for more detailed information.
Public Capital Appropriations Used for Equipment and Other Uses by State, FY 2020-2023 (Unadjusted Dollars)
| Equipment | Other Capital Projects | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 2022 | 2023 | 2020 | 2022 | 2023 | |
| Alabama | $0 | $0 | $54,962,305 | $0 | $0 | $290,554,495 |
| Alaska | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Arizona | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Arkansas | $0 | $0 | N/A | $0 | $0 | N/A |
| California | $0 | $0 | $1,000,000 | $845,028,000 | $1,530,341,000 | $727,443,500 |
| Delaware | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Florida | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Georgia | $17,900,000 | $66,280,000 | $26,440,000 | $11,150,000 | $14,000,000 | $14,530,000 |
| Hawaii | $0 | $0 | $0 | $20,450,000 | $0 | $0 |
| Indiana | $0 | $0 | $0 | $162,475,191 | $166,485,429 | $160,024,816 |
| Iowa | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Kansas | $0 | $0 | $0 | $45,865,250 | $45,862,750 | $77,862,750 |
| Kentucky | $0 | $0 | $1,000,000 | $20,000,000 | $0 | $40,000,000 |
| Louisiana | $4,034,200 | $6,608,920 | $6,352,420 | $8,785,600 | $15,750,000 | $37,135,412 |
| Maine | $2,500,000 | $2,500,000 | $2,500,000 | $0 | $0 | $7,500,000 |
| Maryland | $0 | $0 | $0 | $68,735,000 | $332,117,000 | $83,355,000 |
| Massachusetts | $0 | $0 | $0 | $1,665,412 | $1,732,695 | $1,767,349 |
| Michigan | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Minnesota | N/A | N/A | N/A | $812,500 | $0 | $0 |
| Montana | N/A | $0 | $0 | $0 | $594,046 | $594,046 |
| Nebraska | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| New Mexico | $2,292,000 | $4,800,700 | $9,383,500 | $0 | $3,150,000 | $3,500,000 |
| New York | $0 | $0 | $0 | $36,983,000 | $36,983,000 | $38,832,000 |
| North Carolina | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $210,000,000 | $268,750,000 |
| North Dakota | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Ohio | $4,000,000 | $7,977,004 | $7,600,000 | $37,467,750 | $36,800,662 | $19,909,714 |
| Oklahoma | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Oregon | N/A | $7,987,673 | $7,987,673 | $0 | $5,337,432 | $5,337,432 |
| Pennsylvania | $0 | $0 | $0 | $5,033,299,000 | $3,548,628,000 | $54,161,000 |
| Rhode Island | $0 | $0 | $0 | $51,076,445 | $13,042,204 | $32,039,039 |
| South Carolina | $13,000,000 | $18,000,000 | $20,827,525 | $750,000 | $0 | $0 |
| Tennessee | $0 | $0 | $20,500,000 | $73,985,000 | $162,951,000 | $358,177,000 |
| Utah | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Vermont | $0 | $0 | $0 | $1,000,000 | $1,500,000 | $1,500,000 |
| Virginia | $0 | $6,786,250 | $29,915,000 | N/A | N/A | $628,276,919 |
| Washington | $2,500,000 | $2,500,000 | $2,500,000 | $5,000,000 | $0 | $0 |
| West Virginia | $0 | $0 | $0 | $20,000,000 | $20,000,000 | $20,000,000 |
| Wyoming | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $24,639,730 |
| D.C. | N/A | $0 | $0 | N/A | $0 | $0 |
- Public capital appropriations are state support allocated for higher education capital projects. Capital projects often include new construction, significant renovations and improvements of existing buildings, major maintenance, land purchases, acquisitions of existing structures, equipment, and information technology systems. State funding for operations and routine maintenance that does not meet the definition of a capital project, tuition revenue bonds, and other sources of institutional revenue that do not originate from the state are excluded. Federal stimulus funding used for public capital projects is not included.
- The uses of public capital appropriations are an optional component of the SHEF data collection. Data are not currently available for all states or for years prior to 2020.
- States with biennial budgets split their public capital appropriations, reporting half in each fiscal year of the budget cycle.
- Colorado, Connecticut, Idaho, Illinois, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, South Dakota, Texas, and Wisconsin reported total public capital appropriations for fiscal years 2020-2023 but did not provide a complete breakout of uses for fiscal years 2020-2023 and are excluded from this table.
- State Higher Education Executive Officers Association
Collecting data on capital appropriations comes with many challenges, and the data shared here have important limitations. First, in contrast to general operating support, for which states provide a base level of support each year, annual capital appropriations are project dependent and are typically expended over a multiyear period. This distinction means that capital appropriations are very different from appropriations for general operating support and financial aid programs. For instance, a $1 million reduction in general operating support would require institutions to offset this reduction with increases in other revenue sources or reduce costs. A $1 million change in capital appropriations could simply reflect that the projects selected for funding in a given year were less expensive than the previous year. The project-driven nature of capital projects means that the two years of data presented in this brief may not be representative of broader trends or even a typical year of state contributions for higher education capital projects.
Second, the appropriation amounts represent what a state has budgeted to spend on capital projects for the fiscal year and do not represent actual expenditure amounts. In this regard, the capital appropriations data presented here are more comparable to data on projected appropriations from the Grapevine report rather than the actual final appropriation data reported in SHEF. 1 We explored collecting annual expenditure amounts for capital projects, but ultimately determined that the burden placed on data providers to collect this level of data was much greater than the benefits these data would provide. Please visit the SHEF website for more information on the Grapevine data shef.sheeo.org/grapevine. VIEW ALL FOOTNOTES
Third, states with biennial budgets are often not able to determine the year in which the appropriation should be associated. This is particularly challenging with debt-financed capital projects, as states want to issue debt in a manner and time that minimizes borrowing costs. Consequently, it is not always easy to allocate appropriation amounts across both budget years. Total capital appropriations were evenly divided across the two budget years for the four states that do not have separate appropriations for each biennial budget year. While not ideal, this approach follows previous efforts to collect capital appropriations data. 2 Manns, D. A., & Katsinas, S. G. (2006). Capital budgeting practices in public higher education. Facilities Manager, 22(1), 36–42. VIEW ALL FOOTNOTES