The Student Residency dataset is produced annually by the State Higher Education Executive Officers Association (SHEEO) to broaden understanding of state and sector variation in the enrollment and breakout of tuition revenue from resident and nonresident students. Since 2020, student residency data are collected as part of the State Higher Education Finance (SHEF) project and will be published annually.

Over the last several decades, postsecondary institutions have increasingly enrolled out-of-state and international nonresident students. 1 1National Center for Education Statistics. (2022). Table 309.30. Residence and migration of all first-time degree/certificate-seeking undergraduates in 4-year degree-granting postsecondary institutions who graduated from high school in the previous 12 months, by state or jurisdiction: Fall 2020. Digest of Education Statistics. nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d22/tables/dt22_309.30.asp; National Center for Education Statistics. (1990). Table 189. Residence and migration of all freshmen students in 4-year colleges graduating from high school in the past 12 months, by State: Fall 1988. Digest of Education Statistics. nces.ed.gov/pubs91/91660.pdf VIEW ALL FOOTNOTES The increase in out-of-state enrollment has important implications for state higher education funding and policy. Public institutions, particularly research institutions, increased nonresident student enrollment in part to increase their tuition revenue as state funding declined and became less stable. 2 2Jaquette, O., & Curs, B. R. (2015). Creating the out-of-state university: Do public universities increase nonresident freshman enrollment in response to declining state appropriations? Research in Higher Education, 56(6), 535–565. doi.org/10.1007/s11162-015-9362-2 VIEW ALL FOOTNOTES Nonresident student enrollment can increase tuition revenue for public institutions in two ways. First, institutions are more likely to have control over setting and raising nonresident tuition rates. 3 3State Higher Education Executive Officers Association internal dataset on state tuition, fee, and financial assistance policies. sheeo.org/project/tuition-and-fee-survey/ VIEW ALL FOOTNOTES Second, out-of-state and international nonresident students pay much higher tuition rates than state residents. 4 4Ma, J. and Pender, M. (2023). Trends in college pricing and student aid 2023. College Board. research.collegeboard.org/media/pdf/Trends%20Report%202023%20Updated.pdf VIEW ALL FOOTNOTES

SHEEO collects state-level full-time equivalent (FTE) enrollment and tuition and fee revenue for in-state resident and out-of-state nonresident students by sector at public institutions. Student residency data for two-year institutions is not required, so tables and figures show four-year FTE enrollment and tuition and fee revenue by residency only. Two-year student residency data is available for a limited number of states by request. FTE student enrollment and net tuition and fee revenue is not collected by residency in numerous states, so estimated data and missing states are included in the footnotes of each table and figure.

The data summarized in these figures and tables are student residency presented in fiscal years. For example, fiscal year 2024 ran from July 1, 2023, to June 30, 2024 for most states. The corresponding academic year for fiscal year 2024 began in the fall of 2023.

For total state- and four-year-level enrollment and net tuition and fee revenue data on student residency, see FTE Enrollment and Net Tuition and Fee Revenue.

Data Download

Download the complete dataset for all available years of data on student residency at public institutions. The data download includes a table that presents states and years in which they did not report data or provide estimates. Please update any previously saved student residency data using this file, as prior years include revisions that are not captured in previously released student residency tables. Data elements are not available prior to 2020. Please contact Kelsey Kunkle at kkunkle@sheeo.org with questions about the data or for additional variables.

Student Residency Report

Despite the growing importance of nonresident tuition revenue in many public institutions’ budgets, there is little information about exactly how much of an institution’s tuition revenue comes from nonresident tuition and fees. To fill this gap and provide useful data for states and institutions, SHEEO began collecting data on residency annually as part of the fiscal year (FY) 2020 State Higher Education Finance (SHEF) project. This report provides the first look at a new set of state-level data on tuition revenue and student enrollment by residency for FY 2020 and 2021. All data presented in this report are for four-year public institutions.

The tables in this section provide state-level resident and nonresident FTE enrollment data at four-year institutions. States that reported estimates are noted with an asterisk(*).

Resident FTE

Table 1.1 shows state-level in-state resident FTE enrollment at four-year institutions and percentage change. See the footnotes at the bottom of the table for more detailed information.

Table 1.1

Four-Year Net In-State Resident Full-Time Equivalent Enrollment by State, FY 2020-2024

2020 2023 2024 % Change Since 2023 % Change Since 2020
Alabama* 94,086 89,178 90,736 1.7% -3.6%
Alaska 14,298 11,471 12,050 5.0% -15.7%
Arizona 108,400 107,768 110,931 2.9% 2.3%
Arkansas* 59,283 53,721 54,565 1.6% -8.0%
California 605,391 581,909 594,440 2.2% -1.8%
Colorado 93,397 84,672 88,052 4.0% -5.7%
Connecticut* 32,084 27,377 29,559 8.0% -7.9%
Delaware* 10,707 10,687 10,872 1.7% 1.5%
Florida 263,129 253,265 255,267 0.8% -3.0%
Georgia 224,563 216,424 224,919 3.9% 0.2%
Hawaii 13,482 12,367 12,505 1.1% -7.2%
Idaho 28,387 26,031 27,307 4.9% -3.8%
Illinois 127,019 117,690 117,015 -0.6% -7.9%
Indiana 121,982 109,974 111,161 1.1% -8.9%
Iowa 42,466 38,595 38,146 -1.2% -10.2%
Kansas 57,045 52,377 52,385 0.0% -8.2%
Kentucky 70,538 66,765 67,885 1.7% -3.8%
Louisiana 103,997 97,160 98,679 1.6% -5.1%
Maine 17,978 15,557 15,163 -2.5% -15.7%
Maryland N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Massachusetts N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Michigan* 208,452 186,070 188,661 1.4% -9.5%
Minnesota 76,761 69,554 69,534 0.0% -9.4%
Mississippi 45,470 42,671 42,381 -0.7% -6.8%
Missouri 80,770 70,036 69,560 -0.7% -13.9%
Montana 19,170 16,490 16,413 -0.5% -14.4%
Nebraska 37,162 36,503 36,608 0.3% -1.5%
Nevada 38,482 38,342 36,239 -5.5% -5.8%
New Hampshire 13,097 11,231 11,110 -1.1% -15.2%
New Jersey 150,390 142,675 144,959 1.6% -3.6%
New Mexico 29,617 32,094 32,751 2.0% 10.6%
New York 289,540 258,098 262,095 1.5% -9.5%
North Carolina 184,690 179,870 181,577 0.9% -1.7%
North Dakota 11,215 11,303 12,210 8.0% 8.9%
Ohio 219,708 189,722 190,694 0.5% -13.2%
Oklahoma* 68,871 64,958 67,363 3.7% -2.2%
Oregon 50,950 47,584 48,806 2.6% -4.2%
Pennsylvania N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Rhode Island 13,584 11,776 12,051 2.3% -11.3%
South Carolina 72,370 70,013 70,297 0.4% -2.9%
South Dakota 15,061 14,207 14,477 1.9% -3.9%
Tennessee 90,818 93,086 94,722 1.8% 4.3%
Texas N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Utah 85,363 84,332 86,011 2.0% 0.8%
Vermont 7,507 6,193 6,023 -2.7% -19.8%
Virginia 154,724 149,369 151,097 1.2% -2.3%
Washington* 85,403 72,903 72,490 -0.6% -15.1%
West Virginia 33,723 29,210 29,304 0.3% -13.1%
Wisconsin 100,521 91,203 92,343 1.2% -8.1%
Wyoming 6,911 6,385 6,616 3.6% -4.3%
D.C. 2,419 2,257 2,265 0.4% -6.4%
U.S. 4,278,562 3,998,866 4,058,029 1.5% -5.2%
Notes:
  1. Full-time equivalent (FTE) enrollment by residency is the breakout of FTE enrollment at public institutions based on state or institutional residency requirements. Medical FTE are excluded, but dual enrollment students are included in state totals.
  2. In-state FTE includes students that meet state or institutional residency requirements. Out-of-state FTE includes international students and students that do not meet residency requirements.
  3. Residency data are recently required components of the SHEF data collection and are not currently available for years prior to 2020.
  4. Four-year FTE enrollment by residency are estimates for Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Michigan, Oklahoma, and Washington for one or more years from fiscal years 2020-2024. These states are noted with an asterisk (*).
  5. Maryland, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Texas were unable to provide complete residency breakouts for four-year FTE enrollment for 2020-2024. These states are excluded from this table and the U.S. total.
Source(s):
  • State Higher Education Executive Officers Association

Nonresident FTE

Table 1.2 shows state-level out-of-state nonresident FTE enrollment at four-year institutions and percentage change. See the footnotes at the bottom of the table for more detailed information.

Table 1.2

Four-Year Net Out-of-State Nonresident Full-Time Equivalent Enrollment by State, FY 2020-2024

2020 2023 2024 % Change Since 2023 % Change Since 2020
Alabama* 52,574 52,384 53,667 2.4% 2.1%
Alaska 753 604 634 5.0% -15.8%
Arizona 86,562 105,652 110,956 5.0% 28.2%
Arkansas* 20,832 23,084 24,352 5.5% 16.9%
California 76,362 74,883 73,042 -2.5% -4.3%
Colorado 33,917 34,524 35,164 1.9% 3.7%
Connecticut* 24,559 24,946 24,809 -0.5% 1.0%
Delaware* 16,452 18,196 18,513 1.7% 12.5%
Florida 34,027 40,975 43,782 6.9% 28.7%
Georgia 49,176 56,239 59,276 5.4% 20.5%
Hawaii 6,844 7,895 8,218 4.1% 20.1%
Idaho 11,533 13,361 13,193 -1.3% 14.4%
Illinois 39,245 46,064 42,590 -7.5% 8.5%
Indiana 60,459 65,545 67,852 3.5% 12.2%
Iowa 27,176 25,520 26,760 4.9% -1.5%
Kansas 21,453 20,784 21,809 4.9% 1.7%
Kentucky 26,359 28,040 29,042 3.6% 10.2%
Louisiana 17,347 21,736 25,109 15.5% 44.7%
Maine 6,055 6,864 7,367 7.3% 21.7%
Maryland N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Massachusetts N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Michigan* 40,454 42,058 43,070 2.4% 6.5%
Minnesota 29,421 25,470 25,475 0.0% -13.4%
Mississippi 24,734 24,240 25,117 3.6% 1.5%
Missouri 31,114 27,594 32,368 17.3% 4.0%
Montana 9,696 11,206 11,656 4.0% 20.2%
Nebraska 12,575 11,594 11,623 0.3% -7.6%
Nevada 9,791 8,801 7,916 -10.1% -19.2%
New Hampshire 12,539 11,478 11,433 -0.4% -8.8%
New Jersey 16,710 15,853 16,107 1.6% -3.6%
New Mexico 6,929 10,107 9,189 -9.1% 32.6%
New York 34,083 32,647 33,055 1.2% -3.0%
North Carolina 31,575 35,286 35,620 0.9% 12.8%
North Dakota 14,744 14,042 13,823 -1.6% -6.2%
Ohio 61,421 59,874 59,908 0.1% -2.5%
Oklahoma* 19,713 18,591 18,858 1.4% -4.3%
Oregon 30,799 30,256 31,026 2.5% 0.7%
Pennsylvania N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Rhode Island 9,024 9,359 9,463 1.1% 4.9%
South Carolina 38,701 41,936 45,319 8.1% 17.1%
South Dakota 11,062 10,630 10,913 2.7% -1.3%
Tennessee 21,328 22,457 21,492 -4.3% 0.8%
Texas N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Utah 17,538 20,202 21,345 5.7% 21.7%
Vermont 10,486 11,163 11,345 1.6% 8.2%
Virginia 50,183 53,386 54,747 2.5% 9.1%
Washington* 26,199 24,260 23,877 -1.6% -8.9%
West Virginia 20,687 19,645 19,383 -1.3% -6.3%
Wisconsin 41,710 43,927 45,150 2.8% 8.2%
Wyoming 3,802 3,179 2,836 -10.8% -25.4%
D.C. 757 637 648 1.7% -14.4%
U.S. 1,248,703 1,306,537 1,338,249 2.4% 7.2%
Notes:
  1. Full-time equivalent (FTE) enrollment by residency is the breakout of FTE enrollment at public institutions based on state or institutional residency requirements. Medical FTE are excluded, but dual enrollment students are included in state totals.
  2. In-state FTE includes students that meet state or institutional residency requirements. Out-of-state FTE includes international students and students that do not meet residency requirements.
  3. Residency data are recently required components of the SHEF data collection and are not currently available for years prior to 2020.
  4. Four-year FTE enrollment by residency are estimates for Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Michigan, Oklahoma, and Washington for one or more years from fiscal years 2020-2024. These states are noted with an asterisk (*).
  5. Maryland, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Texas were unable to provide complete residency breakouts for four-year FTE enrollment for 2020-2024. These states are excluded from this table and the U.S. total.
Source(s):
  • State Higher Education Executive Officers Association

Percentage of FTE Enrollment

The table and figure in this section provide the state-level percentage of resident and nonresident FTE enrollment at four-year institutions. States that reported estimates are noted with an asterisk(*).

Resident FTE Percentage

Table 1.3 shows the state-level percentage of FTE students enrolled at four-year institutions classified as in-state resident and percentage point changes. See the footnotes at the bottom of the table for more detailed information.

Table 1.3

Percentage of Four-Year In-State Resident Full-Time Equivalent Enrollment by State, FY 2020-2024

2020 2023 2024 Change Since 2023 Change Since 2020
Alabama* 64.2% 63.0% 62.8% -0.2 -1.3
Alaska 95.0% 95.0% 95.0% 0.0 0.0
Arizona 55.6% 50.5% 50.0% -0.5 -5.6
Arkansas* 73.8% 69.9% 69.1% -0.8 -4.7
California 88.8% 88.6% 89.0% 0.5 0.3
Colorado 73.4% 71.0% 71.5% 0.4 -1.9
Connecticut* 56.6% 52.3% 54.4% 2.0 -2.3
Delaware* 39.4% 37.0% 37.0% 0.0 -2.4
Florida 88.5% 86.1% 85.4% -0.7 -3.2
Georgia 82.0% 79.4% 79.1% -0.2 -2.9
Hawaii 66.3% 61.0% 60.3% -0.7 -6.0
Idaho 71.1% 66.1% 67.4% 1.3 -3.7
Illinois 76.4% 71.9% 73.3% 1.4 -3.1
Indiana 66.9% 62.7% 62.1% -0.6 -4.8
Iowa 61.0% 60.2% 58.8% -1.4 -2.2
Kansas 72.7% 71.6% 70.6% -1.0 -2.1
Kentucky 72.8% 70.4% 70.0% -0.4 -2.8
Louisiana 85.7% 81.7% 79.7% -2.0 -6.0
Maine 74.8% 69.4% 67.3% -2.1 -7.5
Maryland N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Massachusetts N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Michigan* 83.7% 81.6% 81.4% -0.2 -2.3
Minnesota 72.3% 73.2% 73.2% 0.0 0.9
Mississippi 64.8% 63.8% 62.8% -1.0 -2.0
Missouri 72.2% 69.2% 68.2% -1.0 -4.0
Montana 66.4% 59.5% 58.5% -1.1 -7.9
Nebraska 74.7% 75.9% 75.9% 0.0 1.2
Nevada 79.7% 81.3% 82.1% 0.7 2.4
New Hampshire 51.1% 49.5% 49.3% -0.2 -1.8
New Jersey 90.0% 90.0% 90.0% 0.0 0.0
New Mexico 81.0% 76.1% 78.1% 2.0 -3.0
New York 89.2% 88.2% 88.1% -0.1 -1.0
North Carolina 85.4% 83.6% 83.6% 0.0 -1.8
North Dakota 43.2% 44.6% 46.9% 2.3 3.7
Ohio 78.2% 76.0% 76.1% 0.1 -2.1
Oklahoma* 77.0% 77.0% 77.4% 0.4 0.4
Oregon 62.3% 61.1% 61.1% 0.0 -1.2
Pennsylvania N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Rhode Island 60.1% 55.7% 56.0% 0.3 -4.1
South Carolina 65.2% 62.5% 60.8% -1.7 -4.4
South Dakota 57.7% 57.2% 57.0% -0.2 -0.6
Tennessee 81.0% 80.6% 81.5% 0.9 0.5
Texas N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Utah 83.0% 80.7% 80.1% -0.6 -2.8
Vermont 41.7% 35.7% 34.7% -1.0 -7.0
Virginia 75.5% 73.7% 73.4% -0.3 -2.1
Washington* 76.5% 75.0% 75.2% 0.2 -1.3
West Virginia 62.0% 59.8% 60.2% 0.4 -1.8
Wisconsin 70.7% 67.5% 67.2% -0.3 -3.5
Wyoming 64.5% 66.8% 70.0% 3.2 5.5
D.C. 76.2% 78.0% 70.5% -7.5 -5.6
U.S. 77.4% 75.3% 75.2% -0.1 -2.2
Notes:
  1. Full-time equivalent (FTE) enrollment by residency is the breakout of FTE enrollment at public institutions based on state or institutional residency requirements. Medical FTE are excluded, but dual enrollment students are included in state totals.
  2. In-state FTE includes students that meet state or institutional residency requirements. Out-of-state FTE includes international students and students that do not meet residency requirements.
  3. Year change columns show percentage point increases or decreases, not percent change.
  4. Residency data are recently required components of the SHEF data collection and are not currently available for years prior to 2020.
  5. Four-year FTE enrollment by residency are estimates for Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Michigan, Oklahoma, and Washington for one or more years from fiscal years 2020-2024. These states are noted with an asterisk (*).
  6. Maryland, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Texas were unable to provide complete residency breakouts for four-year FTE enrollment for 2020-2024. These states are excluded from this table and the U.S. total.
Source(s):
  • State Higher Education Executive Officers Association

Nonresident FTE Percentage

Figure 1 shows the state-level percentage of FTE students enrolled at four-year institutions classified as out-of-state nonresident. See the footnotes at the bottom of the table for more detailed information.

Figure 1

Out-of-State Students as a Percentage of Net FTE Enrollment at Four-Year Public Institutions by State, FY 2024


Customize
Save
Share
Notes:
  1. Full-time equivalent (FTE) enrollment by residency is the breakout of FTE enrollment at public institutions based on state or institutional residency requirements. Medical FTE are excluded, but dual enrollment students are included in state totals.
  2. In-state FTE includes students that meet state or institutional residency requirements. Out-of-state FTE includes international students and students that do not meet residency requirements.
  3. Four-year FTE enrollment by residency are estimates for Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Michigan, Oklahoma, and Washington in 2024. These states are noted with an asterisk (*).
  4. Maryland, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Texas were unable to provide complete residency breakdowns for four-year FTE enrollment and are excluded from this figure and the U.S. total.
Source(s):
  • State Higher Education Executive Officers Association

The tables in this section provide the state-level resident and nonresident net tuition and fee revenue data at four-year institutions. States that reported estimates are noted with an asterisk(*).

Resident Tuition Revenue

Table 2.1 shows state-level tuition and fee revenue collected from in-state resident students at four-year institutions and percentage changes. See the footnotes at the bottom of the table for more detailed information.

Table 2.1

Four-Year In-State Resident Tuition and Fee Revenue Per FTE by State, FY 2020-2024 (Constant Adjusted Dollars)

2020 2023 2024 % Change Since 2023 % Change Since 2020
Alabama* $15,099 $14,448 $14,379 -0.5% -4.8%
Alaska $4,990 $4,724 $4,434 -6.1% -11.1%
Arizona* $10,594 $10,006 $10,467 4.6% -1.2%
Arkansas* $7,811 $7,614 $7,997 5.0% 2.4%
California $4,891 $3,638 $3,512 -3.5% -28.2%
Colorado $10,442 $11,586 $11,485 -0.9% 10.0%
Connecticut* $10,594 $18,814 $17,107 -9.1% 61.5%
Delaware* $28,821 $23,375 $24,545 5.0% -14.8%
Florida $1,415 $847 $633 -25.2% -55.2%
Georgia* $5,781 $4,717 $4,268 -9.5% -26.2%
Hawaii* $5,657 $5,120 $4,941 -3.5% -12.7%
Idaho $8,689 $8,591 $8,398 -2.2% -3.3%
Illinois $10,787 $8,997 $8,524 -5.3% -21.0%
Indiana $8,894 $8,060 $8,166 1.3% -8.2%
Iowa $11,193 $11,336 $11,110 -2.0% -0.7%
Kansas $7,824 $7,017 $7,785 10.9% -0.5%
Kentucky* $11,153 $8,672 $8,441 -2.7% -24.3%
Louisiana* $6,802 $6,933 $6,461 -6.8% -5.0%
Maine* $9,258 $5,275 $5,319 0.8% -42.5%
Maryland N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Massachusetts N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Michigan* N/A $21,335 $21,147 -0.9% N/A
Minnesota $13,114 $12,327 $11,915 -3.3% -9.1%
Mississippi $9,760 $8,874 $8,532 -3.9% -12.6%
Missouri $10,853 $10,946 $11,288 3.1% 4.0%
Montana $5,800 $5,130 $4,994 -2.7% -13.9%
Nebraska $9,011 $7,851 $7,991 1.8% -11.3%
Nevada* $3,181 $3,182 $3,123 -1.8% -1.8%
New Hampshire $10,140 $8,548 $7,868 -7.9% -22.4%
New Jersey $9,974 $9,678 $8,852 -8.5% -11.3%
New Mexico* $4,726 $3,528 $3,287 -6.8% -30.5%
New York N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
North Carolina $6,421 $5,756 $5,617 -2.4% -12.5%
North Dakota* $9,747 $10,366 $9,460 -8.7% -2.9%
Ohio* $14,179 $13,679 $13,561 -0.9% -4.4%
Oklahoma* $12,135 $12,515 $11,277 -9.9% -7.1%
Oregon N/A $10,068 $9,850 -2.2% N/A
Pennsylvania N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Rhode Island* $7,714 $7,285 $7,210 -1.0% -6.5%
South Carolina $11,387 $10,240 $9,489 -7.3% -16.7%
South Dakota $11,149 $10,782 $9,073 -15.9% -18.6%
Tennessee* $9,771 $9,685 $10,228 5.6% 4.7%
Texas N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Utah $7,505 $7,323 $7,215 -1.5% -3.9%
Vermont* $11,347 $10,564 $10,681 1.1% -5.9%
Virginia* $9,534 $8,419 $7,182 -14.7% -24.7%
Washington* $9,018 $12,067 $12,306 2.0% 36.5%
West Virginia $6,968 $6,428 $6,097 -5.2% -12.5%
Wisconsin $7,796 $7,656 $7,734 1.0% -0.8%
Wyoming $2,769 $3,170 $2,788 -12.1% 0.7%
D.C. $3,775 $3,187 $3,230 1.3% -14.4%
U.S. $7,996 $7,946 $7,725 -2.8% -3.4%
Notes:
  1. Net tuition and fee revenue by residency is the breakout of net tuition and fee revenue at public institutions based on state or institutional residency requirements.
  2. In-state net tuition and fee revenue includes students that meet state or institutional residency requirements. Out-of-state net tuition and fee revenue includes international students and students that do not meet residency requirements.
  3. Residency data are recently required components of the SHEF data collection and are not currently available for years prior to 2020.
  4. Four-year breakout of tuition and fee revenue by residency are estimates for Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Hawaii, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Michigan, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, and Washington for one or more years from fiscal years 2020-2024. These states are noted with an asterisk (*).
  5. Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and Texas were unable to provide complete residency breakouts for four-year net tuition and fee revenue per FTE for one or more years from 2020-2024. These states are excluded from the table for the U.S. average for all missing years.
  6. Adjustment factors to arrive at constant dollar figures include Cost of Living Index (COLI) and Higher Education Cost Adjustment (HECA).
Source(s):
  • State Higher Education Executive Officers Association

Nonresident Tuition Revenue

Table 2.2 shows state-level tuition and fee revenue collected from out-of-state nonresident students at four-year institutions and percentage changes. See the footnotes at the bottom of the table for more detailed information.

Table 2.2

Four-Year Out-of-State Nonresident Tuition and Fee Revenue Per FTE by State, FY 2020-2024 (Constant Adjusted Dollars)

2020 2023 2024 % Change Since 2023 % Change Since 2020
Alabama* $30,802 $29,520 $29,269 -0.8% -5.0%
Alaska $18,202 $13,953 $12,083 -13.4% -33.6%
Arizona* $19,915 $17,379 $17,818 2.5% -10.5%
Arkansas* $14,708 $14,326 $15,116 5.5% 2.8%
California $28,081 $23,898 $23,730 -0.7% -15.5%
Colorado $33,735 $31,875 $30,380 -4.7% -9.9%
Connecticut* $24,997 $8,423 $7,583 -10.0% -69.7%
Delaware* $29,568 $25,454 $24,862 -2.3% -15.9%
Florida $12,447 $11,313 $11,393 0.7% -8.5%
Georgia* $12,421 $11,537 $10,909 -5.4% -12.2%
Hawaii* $9,883 $9,004 $8,521 -5.4% -13.8%
Idaho $16,404 $15,455 $15,059 -2.6% -8.2%
Illinois $17,799 $16,874 $17,421 3.2% -2.1%
Indiana $27,944 $27,787 $26,273 -5.4% -6.0%
Iowa $26,168 $24,217 $24,003 -0.9% -8.3%
Kansas $22,531 $18,900 $18,396 -2.7% -18.4%
Kentucky* $21,801 $21,185 $21,204 0.1% -2.7%
Louisiana* $6,802 $6,933 $6,461 -6.8% -5.0%
Maine* $11,074 $16,764 $16,292 -2.8% 47.1%
Maryland N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Massachusetts N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Michigan* N/A $23,264 $22,887 -1.6% N/A
Minnesota $20,074 $20,300 $19,968 -1.6% -0.5%
Mississippi $15,776 $15,517 $17,296 11.5% 9.6%
Missouri $10,853 $10,945 $11,288 3.1% 4.0%
Montana $16,828 $16,226 $16,379 0.9% -2.7%
Nebraska $15,756 $14,174 $13,006 -8.2% -17.5%
Nevada* $5,586 $5,588 $5,487 -1.8% -1.8%
New Hampshire $17,639 $16,226 $15,726 -3.1% -10.8%
New Jersey $22,442 $19,119 $14,058 -26.5% -37.4%
New Mexico* $16,908 $9,336 $9,585 2.7% -43.3%
New York N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
North Carolina $24,617 $21,800 $22,655 3.9% -8.0%
North Dakota* $14,243 $14,752 $13,462 -8.7% -5.5%
Ohio* $14,771 $14,325 $14,029 -2.1% -5.0%
Oklahoma* $12,135 $13,836 $12,747 -7.9% 5.0%
Oregon N/A $18,801 $18,074 -3.9% N/A
Pennsylvania N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Rhode Island* $16,078 $15,150 $15,554 2.7% -3.3%
South Carolina $26,729 $24,985 $21,629 -13.4% -19.1%
South Dakota $11,995 $9,699 $11,047 13.9% -7.9%
Tennessee* $20,487 $17,038 $20,872 22.5% 1.9%
Texas N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Utah $15,146 $13,538 $14,163 4.6% -6.5%
Vermont* $25,527 $21,934 $21,118 -3.7% -17.3%
Virginia* $25,480 $23,592 $22,980 -2.6% -9.8%
Washington* $16,824 $12,068 $12,306 2.0% -26.9%
West Virginia $15,232 $13,304 $12,939 -2.7% -15.1%
Wisconsin $17,175 $17,090 $17,122 0.2% -0.3%
Wyoming $8,303 $8,055 $7,054 -12.4% -15.0%
D.C. $10,766 $7,466 $5,999 -19.6% -44.3%
U.S. $20,008 $18,075 $17,705 -2.0% -11.5%
Notes:
  1. Net tuition and fee revenue by residency is the breakout of net tuition and fee revenue at public institutions based on state or institutional residency requirements.
  2. In-state net tuition and fee revenue includes students that meet state or institutional residency requirements. Out-of-state net tuition and fee revenue includes international students and students that do not meet residency requirements.
  3. Residency data are recently required components of the SHEF data collection and are not currently available for years prior to 2020.
  4. Four-year breakout of tuition and fee revenue by residency are estimates for Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Hawaii, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Michigan, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, and Washington for one or more years from fiscal years 2020-2024. These states are noted with an asterisk (*).
  5. Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and Texas were unable to provide complete residency breakouts for four-year net tuition and fee revenue per FTE for at least one year from 2020-2024. These states are excluded from the table for the U.S. average for all missing years.
  6. Adjustment factors to arrive at constant dollar figures include Cost of Living Index (COLI) and Higher Education Cost Adjustment (HECA).
Source(s):
  • State Higher Education Executive Officers Association

Percentage of Tuition Revenue

The table and figure in this section provide the state-level percentage of net tuition and fee revenue collected from resident and nonresident students at four-year institutions. States that reported estimates are noted with an asterisk(*).

Resident Tuition Revenue Percentage

Table 2.3 shows the state-level percentage of tuition and fee revenue collected from in-state resident students at four-year institutions and percentage point changes. See the footnotes at the bottom of the table for more detailed information.

Table 2.3

Percentage of Four-Year In-State Resident Tuition and Fee Revenue by State, FY 2020-2024

2020 2023 2024 Change Since 2023 Change Since 2020
Alabama* 46.7% 45.5% 45.4% -0.1 -1.4
Alaska 83.9% 86.5% 87.5% 0.9 3.6
Arizona* 40.0% 37.0% 37.0% 0.0 -3.0
Arkansas* 60.2% 55.3% 54.2% -1.1 -5.9
California 57.7% 53.8% 54.2% 0.4 -3.5
Colorado 46.0% 47.1% 48.6% 1.5 2.6
Connecticut* 35.6% 68.3% 70.0% 1.7 34.4
Delaware* 38.8% 35.0% 36.7% 1.7 -2.1
Florida 46.8% 31.6% 24.5% -7.2 -22.3
Georgia* 68.0% 61.1% 59.8% -1.4 -8.2
Hawaii* 53.0% 47.1% 46.9% -0.2 -6.1
Idaho 56.5% 51.0% 53.6% 2.5 -2.9
Illinois 66.2% 57.6% 57.3% -0.3 -8.9
Indiana 39.1% 32.7% 33.7% 1.0 -5.4
Iowa 40.1% 41.5% 39.8% -1.7 -0.3
Kansas 48.0% 48.3% 50.4% 2.1 2.4
Kentucky* 57.8% 49.4% 48.2% -1.2 -9.6
Louisiana* 85.7% 81.7% 79.7% -2.0 -6.0
Maine* 71.3% 41.6% 40.2% -1.4 -31.1
Maryland N/A 56.7% 55.7% -0.9 N/A
Massachusetts N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Michigan* N/A 80.2% 80.2% 0.0 N/A
Minnesota 63.0% 62.4% 62.0% -0.4 -1.1
Mississippi 51.1% 47.3% 42.9% -4.4 -8.2
Missouri 72.2% 69.2% 68.2% -1.0 -4.0
Montana 38.2% 30.1% 28.3% -1.8 -9.9
Nebraska 62.8% 63.6% 65.9% 2.4 3.1
Nevada* 69.1% 71.3% 72.3% 1.0 3.1
New Hampshire 37.5% 34.0% 32.7% -1.3 -4.8
New Jersey 80.0% 82.0% 85.0% 3.0 5.0
New Mexico* 54.4% 54.5% 55.0% 0.5 0.6
New York N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
North Carolina 60.4% 57.4% 55.8% -1.5 -4.6
North Dakota* 34.2% 36.1% 38.3% 2.2 4.1
Ohio* 77.4% 75.2% 75.5% 0.3 -2.0
Oklahoma* 77.0% 74.9% 74.9% 0.0 -2.1
Oregon N/A 42.8% 42.3% -0.5 N/A
Pennsylvania N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Rhode Island* 41.9% 35.5% 34.9% -0.6 -7.0
South Carolina 42.4% 39.3% 39.0% -0.3 -3.4
South Dakota 55.9% 59.8% 52.1% -7.6 -3.7
Tennessee* 67.0% 70.2% 68.4% -1.9 1.3
Texas N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Utah 70.7% 69.3% 67.2% -2.1 -3.4
Vermont* 24.1% 21.1% 21.2% 0.1 -3.0
Virginia* 53.6% 50.0% 46.3% -3.7 -7.3
Washington* 63.6% 75.0% 75.2% 0.2 11.6
West Virginia 41.4% 38.6% 38.2% -0.5 -3.2
Wisconsin 52.2% 48.2% 48.0% -0.2 -4.2
Wyoming 37.7% 44.1% 48.0% 3.8 10.2
D.C. 52.8% 60.2% 65.3% 5.1 12.5
U.S. 56.4% 56.0% 55.6% -0.4 -0.8
Notes:
  1. Net tuition and fee revenue by residency is the breakout of net tuition and fee revenue at public institutions based on state or institutional residency requirements.
  2. In-state net tuition and fee revenue includes students that meet state or institutional residency requirements. Out-of-state net tuition and fee revenue includes international students and students that do not meet residency requirements.
  3. Year change columns show percentage point increases or decreases, not percent change.
  4. Residency data are recently required components of the SHEF data collection and are not currently available for years prior to 2020.
  5. Four-year breakout of tuition and fee revenue by residency are estimates for Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Hawaii, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin for one or more years from fiscal years 2020-2024. These states are noted with an asterisk (*).
  6. Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and Texas were unable to provide complete residency breakouts for four-year net tuition and fee revenue per FTE for at least one year from 2020-2024. These states are excluded from the table for the U.S. average for all missing years.
Source(s):
  • State Higher Education Executive Officers Association

Nonresident Tuition Revenue Percentage

Figure 2 shows the state-level percentage of tuition and fee revenue collected from out-of-state nonresident students at four-year institutions. See the footnotes at the bottom of the table for more detailed information.

Figure 2

Out-of-State Tuition as a Percentage of Net Tuition and Fee Revenue at Four-Year Public Institutions by State, FY 2024


Customize
Save
Share
Notes:
  1. Net tuition and fee revenue by residency is the breakout of net tuition and fee revenue at public institutions based on state or institutional residency requirements.
  2. In-state net tuition and fee revenue includes students that meet state or institutional residency requirements. Out-of-state net tuition and fee revenue includes international students and students that do not meet residency requirements.
  3. Four-year breakout of tuition and fee revenue by residency are estimates for Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Hawaii, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Michigan, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, and Washington in 2024. These states are noted with an asterisk (*).
  4. Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, and Texas were unable to provide complete residency breakdowns for four-year tuition and fee revenue and are excluded from this figure and the U.S. total.
Source(s):
  • State Higher Education Executive Officers Association
Previous:
Next: